There are so many medical terms used by veterinarians and researchers as an everyday language that the layman like us gets lost. The following will list and explain some of the more mysterious terms used in veterinary medicine.
WHAT IS MEANT BY A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE (ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY)?
A permeable membrane is a biological or synthetic material that has tiny holes in it, allowing small particles ( including water molecules and ions ) to move through it. A semipermeable membrane is a membrane that only allows certain types of particles to move through it under certain conditions.
WHAT IS DIALYSIS TECHNIQUE?
Dialysis is a technique based on the diffusion of small solutes from a concentrated solution to a lower-concentration solution of this solute through a semipermeable membrane until equilibrium is reached, which is widely used in studies of in vitro drug release studies.
WHAT IS MEANT BY SOLUTE?
A solute is just a few letters short of a solution, a substance that is dissolved in liquid. In science classes, a solute might be part of your experiment . . . In sugar water, the solute is the sugar because it changes from solid to liquid.
WHAT ARE BODY TOXINS?
Basically, there are eight ways toxins damage the body. Toxins poison enzymes so they don’t work properly. The human and canine bodies are enzyme engines. Every physiological function depends on enzymes to manufacture molecules, produce energy, and create cell structures.
WHAT IS AN ELECTROLYTE?
Electrolytes are minerals that are, kind of, electric. They include sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, and magnesium, amongst other minerals. Our body needs electrolytes to function. Basically, electrolytes keep our cells, tissues, and fluids active and able to communicate within our bodies.
WHAT IS A DAVENPORT DIAGRAM?
A Davenport diagram illustrates acid-base imbalance graphically. Specialty-Internal medicine. An acid-base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body’s normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma ph to deviate out of the normal range ( 7.35 to 7.45 ).
WHAT DOES ENDOGENOUS MEAN IN MEDICAL TERMS?
The term “endogenous” means “produced inside an organism or cell. An endogenous substance, therefore, is a substance that originates within the body of a living organism. . . . Endogenous is the opposite of exogenous, which means originating outside a living organism.
WHAT EXACTLY IS EXOGENOUS IN MEDICAL TERMS?
Exogenous. . . . In biology and medicine, especially psychiatry, the word exogenous is used to describe outside factors, something that originates from outside the organism.
WHAT CAUSES ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE IN DOGS?
Acute kidney failure is an abrupt decline in function that occurs over a period of days. Dogs can develop acute kidney problems as a result of ingesting toxins, including antifreeze, certain medications, tainted foods, etc. But shockingly, one of the main causes of chronic kidney failure in dogs is dental disease.
HYPERKALEMIA IS WHAT?
Hyperkalemia is the most common electrolyte imbalance encountered in animals with acute uremia and can cause severe cardiovascular instability and death. The severity of the hyperkalemia generally is proportionate to the degree of azotemia and decrement of urine formation.
HOW IS HYPERKALEMIA TREATED IN DOGS?
Treatment: Hyperkalemia should initially be treated by IV administration of 0.9% NaC1 to increase the rate of urine production in dehydrated animals with a patent urinary system, and in selected cases by IV administration of sodium bicarbonate, glucose, insulin, and sometimes calcium.
WHAT IS FLUID OVERLOAD IN THE BODY?
Fluid overload or volume overload ( hypervolemia ), is a medical condition where there is too much fluid in the blood. Excess fluid, primarily salts, and water build-up throughout the body resulting in weight gain. You will see the following signs or symptoms: Noticeable swelling in the legs and arms (peripheral edema).
WHAT IS OLIGURIA?
Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 400 mL/24 h or less than 17 mL/h in adults. Anuria is defined as urine output that is less than 100 mL/24 h or 0 mL/12 h. Polyuria is a condition characterized that there is large volumes of urine ( at least 3000 mL over 24 h ).
HOW DOES THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM WORK?
The excretory system is the system of an organism’s body that performs the function of excretion, the bodily process of discharging wastes. The Excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis.
WHAT IS AZOTEMIA?
Azotemia is an increased concentration of nonprotein nitrogenous compounds (eg urea and creatinine) in the blood. “Uremia” is the clinical syndrome that occurs as a result of severe azotemia due to abnormal renal function.
WHICH IS A CLASSIC SIGN OF UREMIA?
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Classic signs of uremia are progressive weakness and easy fatigue, loss of appetite due to nausea and vomiting, muscle atrophy, tremors, abnormal mental function, frequent shallow respiration, and metabolic acidosis.
DIURESIS
Diuresis is a condition in which the kidneys filter too much bodily fluid. That increases your urine production and the frequency with which you need to use the bathroom.
IS LEPTOSPIROSIS FATAL IN DOGS?
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection that is spread by rats, often through contaminated water. It is an extremely serious condition and is very often fatal for dogs.
WHAT IS ACUTE UREMIA IN DOGS
Renal Failure and Acute Uremia in Dogs. Acute uremia is a sudden-onset condition that is characterized by high levels of urea, protein products, and amino acids in the blood. This condition usually follows sudden kidney injuries or occurs when the urinary tubes that connect the kidney to the bladder ( ureters ) are obstructed.
AZOTEMIA IN DOGS
Azotemia is defined as an excess level of nitrogen-based substances compounds such as urea, creatinine, and other body waste compounds in the blood. It can be caused by higher than normal production of nitrogen-containing substances ( with high protein diet or gastrointestinal bleeding ).
VIGILANCE DECREMENT – WHAT IS IT?
Vigilance decrement is defined as “deterioration in the ability to remain vigilant for critical signals with time, as indicated by a decline in the rate of the correct detection signals”.
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Metabolic Acidosis in Dogs. A condition of metabolic acidosis occurs when there is an increase in the levels of acid in the blood, which ultimately accumulates to abnormal levels in the body, causing various problems. This can occur due to loss of bicarbonate (alkali); acid production by increased metabolism; excess acid introduction into.
